Biological modelling and domain-specific languages
In "The Layer-Oriented Approach to Declarative Languages for Biological Modeling", Raikov and De Schutter propose a "layer-oriented" declarative language to map high-level biological concepts to computational representations. The layer-oriented approach was chosen because "additional functionality can be transparently added to the language by adding more layers".
This is an area that has interested me ever since I began my PhD. Domain-specific languages are a very neat way to express computational problems in a manner that (hopefully) captures the essentials of the problem domain with a minimum of noise. And declarative languages (e.g., logic languages such as Prolog and Mercury, and functional languages such as Haskell and OCaml) are more readily able to express the logic of a problem without (overly) digressing into the algorithmic details of solving the problem.